Security tools compared

VPN vs. firewall: what does each one do?

A VPN creates a protected route for supported network traffic. A firewall applies rules that allow or block network connections. They solve different problems and are often used together.

Compare the roles ↓VPN basics

At a glance

Encryption and traffic rules are not the same control

Question	VPN	Firewall
Main purpose	Connects a device or network to a VPN endpoint or private network through a tunnel.	Applies rules to network traffic, such as allowing or blocking connections based on apps, addresses, protocols, or ports.
Encryption	A VPN tunnel encrypts traffic between its endpoints, according to its protocol and configuration.	A firewall filters traffic; it does not automatically encrypt all allowed connections.
What it can control	Which route supported traffic takes, sometimes with per-app or split-tunnel settings.	Which traffic may enter or leave, based on configured rules.
Typical location	VPN app on a device, router, or remote access gateway.	Device operating system, router, or network security gateway.
Limit	Does not automatically block malware, phishing, or every unwanted connection.	Does not automatically hide your public IP from websites or create an encrypted tunnel.

Use a VPN when

You need a protected route

You need to connect to a work or private network from another location.
You want supported traffic routed through a VPN endpoint.
You need an encrypted tunnel across a network you do not control.

Use a firewall when

You need connection rules

You want to restrict which apps or services can communicate.
You need to limit inbound connections to a device or network.
You want a security layer that filters traffic regardless of VPN use.

Layered protection

They can work together

A device or network firewall can restrict traffic while a VPN carries selected connections through a tunnel. Some VPN products include firewall-like features such as a kill switch, which can block traffic if the VPN disconnects. A kill switch is a particular rule or feature, not a replacement for every firewall function.

Keep the firewall enabled unless your device or administrator specifically directs otherwise. Disabling it removes traffic-filtering protections. If a VPN connection fails, troubleshoot its settings instead of turning off security controls without understanding the effect.

Personal device example

A laptop firewall can block unsolicited incoming connections. A consumer VPN can route browser and app traffic through its VPN server. The firewall can remain active while the VPN is connected.

Common questions

VPN and firewall FAQ

Does a VPN replace a firewall?

No. A VPN routes and may encrypt supported traffic; a firewall applies allow or block rules. They address different risks.

Does a firewall hide my IP address?

A firewall can filter network connections, but it does not normally replace your public source IP with a VPN server address.

Can I use a VPN and firewall at the same time?

Yes. Many devices and networks use both. If rules interfere with the VPN, follow the VPN provider or administrator’s instructions to configure only the required access.

Is a VPN kill switch a firewall?

A kill switch can block traffic when a VPN connection drops, but it is a specific traffic-blocking feature. It may not provide the broader filtering capabilities of a device or network firewall.

Continue learning

Build a security setup that fits your devices

Understand VPN encryption, kill switches, and how to check whether your VPN connection is working.

VPN encryption Kill switch guide Test a VPN connection

Further reading: Microsoft’s Windows Firewall overview and Microsoft Learn on VPN security features.